Attention Windows: A Novel Framework for Measuring Narrative Cognitive Load in Beatles vs Pink Floyd
Abstract This research introduces Attention Windows, a novel framework for measuring the cognitive span required by listeners to follow lyrical narratives. How long can a theme persist before the lyrics shift to something new? Building on previous semantic embedding analyses of the Beatles and Pink Floyd, we develop a multi-method approach to quantify this narrative architecture across two iconic albums: The Dark Side of the Moon and Abbey Road. Core Finding (UNEXPECTED): The analysis reveals a systematic failure of distributional semantics to capture abstract thematic coherence in progressive rock. The Beatles exhibit significantly longer attention windows (μ = 0.57 lines, SD = 1.48) than Pink Floyd (μ = 0.25 lines, SD = 0.97) when measured with OpenAI’s text-embedding-ada-002 at its calibrated threshold (θ = 0.85). This counterintuitive result (p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = -0.24) exposes a fundamental limitation: transformer-based embeddings, trained on distributional statistics from web corpora, systematically privilege type-level lexical overlap (repeated tokens, n-grams) over token-level conceptual continuity (abstract themes expressed through synonymy, metaphor, and semantic field variation). The Beatles’ verse-chorus architecture creates high embedding similarity through verbatim repetition, while Pink Floyd’s through-composed approach—deploying varied metaphorical expressions of unified philosophical themes—produces orthogonal embedding vectors despite conceptual unity. This is not a quirk of ada-002 but a structural property of distributional semantics: co-occurrence statistics cannot distinguish “same theme, different words” from “different themes, same words.” ...